Exploitation de bambous (Sinarundinaria alpina (K. Schum.) C.S. Chao & Renvoize), cause des conflits entre le Parc National de Kahuzi-Biega et la population environnante: stratégie de conservation et de résolution de conflit

Sinarundinaria alpina is a species of mountain bamboo which is a source of various conflicts between the managers of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (KBNP) and surrounding communities. This mountainous species is threatened by these communities to meet their need for various uses. Six permanent plots of 3 hectares were set between 2000–3000 metres above sea level and floristic inventories were made. In addition, information related to anthropogenic threats related to bamboo exploitation was recorded. All data were analysed using quantitative statistical parameters. Results suggest the existence of 196 species in these six permanent plots of the group Bamboo. The position of this Sinarundinaria alpina vegetation in the dynamic rainforest recovery dynamics is confirmed by the presence of trees and tree-nurseries of these trees. Fifty-three species, 27% of the plants observed, including Sinarundinaria alpina seedlings, contribute to the daily feeding of great apes, mainly Grauer’s Gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri). This forest appears to be one of their critical habitats. The decrease in the area covered by bamboos is due primarily to anthropogenic activities but also some natural hazards (expansion of Sericostachys scandens, natural fading of Bamboo and attacks by beetles). Following these findings, conservation strategies were proposed. Several strengths were noted, including multiplication of bamboo nurseries and distribution of seedlings to local communities. This can be seen as a strong development of this sector in the future. This study is a preliminary assessment for further investigation.     

Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Mortierella alpina Using Submerse and Solid State Fermentation

A new isolate of Mortierella alpina, > 98 % identical with M. alpina ATCC 16266, was cultivated in a defined glucose‐based medium with three organic nitrogen sources (glycine, urea and Na‐L‐glutamate) at three different concentrations in shaking flasks at 20 °C. The results were compared to the cultivation in complex medium with yeast extract as nitrogen source. In the defined media, high yields of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and arachidonic acid (ARA), respectively, were obtained with Na‐L‐glutamate. However, the absolute highest yields of PUFA and ARA were measured with the yeast extract medium. An optimized yeast extract complex medium was used for a submerse bioreactor cultivation in a 45‐L scale. Furthermore, M. alpina was cultivated in a solid state fermenter, using an oat bran water mixture as substrate.     

Process for production of arachidonic acid concentrate by a strain of mortierella alpina

Various Mortierella alpina fungi were screened for their capacities to produce arachidonic acid. A strain of M. alpina was found to show the highest productivity. Arachidonic acid content of biomass and overall yield per litre of culture was highest in soya flour supplemented medium which produced dispersed mycelium. When the glucose concentration in the medium was varied from 30 to 100 g/L, biomass, lipid, arachidonic acid content of biomass and arachidonic acid yield increased with increasing glucose concentration. Several natural oils, when added to the growth medium, stimulated arachidonic acid production. After fermentation in a 20-L fermenter under optimal culture conditions, the arachidonic acid yield was 5.3 g/L, representing 34.2% w/w of total fatty acids and 13.7% w/w of biomass. An extract containing 72.5% w/w arachidonic acid was prepared from the recovered mycelium.     

发酵法生产新型营养强化剂--花生四烯酸

本文研究了温度、PH、培养时间以及碳源、氮源等因素对高山被孢霉菌I49-N18的细胞生长、产油脂和花生四烯酸的影响,确定了该菌株发酵生产花生四烯酸的最佳培养基和最佳培养条件,使得其干菌体重（DW）可达25.9g/l,总脂（TL/DW）含量达36.6％,花生四烯酸（AA/TL）含量达71.0％。     

淀粉对高山被孢霉产花生四烯酸的影响

研究了淀粉对高山被孢霉产花生四烯酸的影响。采用在发酵培养基中添加淀粉,设置了对照组和实验组,分别绘制其碳氮代谢曲线,并对其菌丝体形态进行观察。结果表明：实验组吸收碳氮的效率要比对照组高,其生物量、含油率和ARA产量各为30．57 g/L,41．16％和4．65 g/L,分别是对照组的1．09倍,1．18倍和1．53倍。据此可初步得出结论：虽然淀粉充当碳源的作用没有葡萄糖明显,但其作为一种固形物起到了附着物的作用,菌丝体依附其上生长的更为分散,不会聚集成团,能够更为高效地吸收周围的营养成分,代谢活动更为旺盛,代谢产物积累的速度和量也就随之增大了。     

添加缓冲剂对被孢霉生产不饱和脂肪酸的影响

以本实验室收藏的一株被孢霉发酵生产不饱和脂肪酸,发现在培养基中添加缓冲剂醋酸钠、碳酸钙、磷酸二氢钾、碳酸氢钠,碳酸钠能较大幅度地提高被孢霉的菌体产量,对油脂含量及碘值也有一定的影响。     

利用乙醇胁迫作用提高花生四烯酸产量

利用乙醇胁迫作用提高花生四烯酸(AA)产量。探讨了乙醇加入时间及加入量,并通过发酵后期降低转速延长了乙醇胁迫作用时间,确定了降低转速的时间点。结果表明,发酵5d后添加4%的乙醇,并在5.5d后降低转速减少机械力所带来的对发酵后期菌丝体的破坏作用,最终将AA产量从10.6g/L提高到17.6g/L。     

利用响应面分析法优化高山被孢霉M E - 1 生产花生四烯酸培养基成分研究

在利用高山被孢霉ME-1 生产花生四烯酸(ARA)过程中,采用响应面分析法,对摇瓶中的培养基成分进行优化。建立了两个标准的多项式模型：在长达6.5d 发酵过程中,当葡萄糖、酵母膏、KH2PO4 和NaNO3 浓度分别为90.16、12.50、3.80 和3.54g/L 时,生物量将到最大,约36.86g/L;当葡萄糖、酵母膏、KH2PO4 和NaNO3浓度分别为103.16、11.66、3.80 和3.43g/L 时,AA 产量将到最大,约9.65g/L。预测值通过实验得到了充分的证实,预测值和实验结果相关性很好。发酵罐实验结果表明,在高山被孢霉ME-1 大规模发酵生产过程中,对培养基进行优化,将同时引起生物量(发酵5d,约34.21 ± 1.01g/L)和AA 产量(发酵6d,约9.86 ± 0.45g/L)的增加。